一、詞類
1.名詞(N)
泛指人、事、時、地、物等名稱。
2.代名詞(pro)
用以代替名詞之詞。
3.形容詞(adj)
用以修飾名詞或代名詞之字,分為限定和補述語法。
例:Sam is a happy boy.
He looks young for his age.
4.動詞(V)
用以表示動作、狀態之詞。
5.連接詞(conj)
用以連接單字、片語、子句或句子之字。
例:He is good at English and Japanese.
When I was a child, I was fat.
6.介係詞(pre)
放於名詞之前,用以表示該名詞與前面其他字詞之間的關係。
7.感嘆詞
用以表示情緒反應或情感所發出的聲音。
e.g. Ouch!
二、片語
由兩個以上的單字組成。
1.名詞片語
可當主詞或受詞用。
例:She is fond of reading novels.
To keep early hours makes us healthy.
2.形容詞片語
用法如同形容詞,用以修飾名詞。
例:The girl with pearl earrings is pretty.
3.副詞片語
如同副詞,用以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或一整句話。
三、子句
含主詞、動詞,可為句子之一部分,但非獨立之句子。
四、英文五大基本句型
1. S + Vi
此類動詞不及於物或人,動詞本身就可表達完整意思,不需受詞或補語,但可用副詞修飾。
e.g.rise,ring,come,fall,happen
例:Nothing happen.
When spring comes, many beautiful flowers bloom in the gardon.
2. S + Vi + Sc
動詞本身尚無法表達完整意思,需補語補充說明主詞。
e.g.
A.be V (可接 adj,n,地方 adv)
B.become,turn,appear,seem,remain (可接 adj,n)
C.go,get,graw,fall,come,run 及感官動詞 (可接 adj)
例:I'm in Taipei.
He is ugly.
Andy become popular with his classmates.
Sandra become a teacher.
The soup taste good.
3. S + Vt + O
動詞可及於人或物,需受詞使句意完整。
e.g.love,have,enjoy,do
例:We learn English from an American teacher.
The result disappointed me.
4. S + Vt + IO + DO
需兩個受詞才使句意完整清楚。
e.g.give,bring,send,show
例:Show me the money.
Please read me a story.
Give me a hand.
(note)
to:send,show,lend,read,sing,bring,teach,tell
for:make,buy,cook,do,sing,brind
of:ask
5. S + Vt + O + OC
動詞除了需要受詞之外,還需要受詞補語才能使句意完整,受詞補語通常為形容詞或名詞。
e.g.make,find,keep,see,consider,have
例:Tom named his new boat Titanic.
The American people elected Bush President.
They warmed me not to come late.